Differentiating Proteins and Peptides
The building blocks of cells in the body are proteins and peptides. Proteins, for example, control how cells form and how they take in signals from outside the cell. Certain groups of peptides have a big effect on how their co-factors work. Peptides are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds, just like proteins (also called amide bonds). What is the difference between peptides and proteins?
The only difference between proteins and peptides is that proteins have a much longer chain of amino acids than peptides do. Before you can figure out what a peptide is and how it is different from a protein, you need to know what amino acids are.
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Proteins are made up of amino acids
Even though amino acids are necessary for life, not all of them are taken in by living things. About 20 of the 500 amino acids that have been found so far are needed for humans to live (and for most other forms of life, too). The carboxylic acid group at one end and the amine group at the other end give amino acids two different chemical structures. The way amino acids interact with other molecules is controlled by their structures, which have a consistent set of properties.
People often think that amino acids are just “pieces of protein,” but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and other parts of living things. They start out as separate molecules in the brain that become HGH and other hormones and signalling molecules (like Serotonin). Because they are so good, they also help the body’s energy flow.
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Bonds in Peptides
The carboxyl groups of amino acids and the amino groups of amino acids interact with each other chemically. During the reaction, a peptide bond is made, which is a type of chemical link, and water is released. Because of these bonds, a peptide is any molecule made of two or more amino acids that are joined together. A chain of more than two amino acids is called a “polypeptide.” In everyday life, both meanings can be used.
Differentiating Proteins and Peptides
The amino acids in proteins are connected to peptides by peptide bonds, but not all peptides are proteins. The main difference between the two is that they are built in very different ways. Proteins can fold themselves into complicated three-dimensional structures that do important things in the body. Even though peptides don’t fold into themselves, this doesn’t mean they aren’t important in biology. Most peptides are made up of less than 50 amino acids (chains usually incapable of folding over on themselves).
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Peptide Definition in Everyday Terms
Most peptides are made up of very short chains of amino acids (less than 50). Even though they don’t have any biological significance, shorter peptides often have properties that proteins don’t have (e.g., crossing the cell membrane). Researchers are looking into synthetic proteins and peptides to find ways to make traditional medicines, which are used to treat a wide range of diseases and physiologic circuits, less harmful.
